为什么新疆人不吃猪肉| 精神是什么意思| 代销商是什么意思| 早上三点是什么时辰| 头痛反胃想吐什么原因| 胃不好吃什么养胃| 哥哥的儿子叫什么| 做梦梦见鬼是什么意思| 1898年属什么生肖| 舌苔发白什么原因| 界代表什么生肖| 什么可以补气血| 做月子可以吃什么| 孕妇便秘吃什么最快排便| 什么止痛药效果最好| 风象星座是什么意思| 藏红花适合什么样的人喝| sansay是什么牌子| 绿茶妹是什么意思| 怀才不遇是什么意思| 减肥期间吃什么水果| 蟾蜍是什么动物| 肺气肿有什么症状| 取次是什么意思| 什么叫渣男| 舒坦是什么意思| 六块钱的麻辣烫是什么意思| 宁字属于五行属什么| 奶冻是什么| 吃什么补性功能最快| 吃什么可以拉肚子通便| 梦见下大雨是什么预兆| 主动脉夹层是什么病| 黑天天的学名叫什么| 2035年属什么生肖| 山楂泡水喝有什么好处| 一黑一白是什么蛇| 脚膜炎用什么药最好| 胆小如鼠是什么生肖| 喝山楂水有什么功效与作用| 吃什么补血快| 辩证思维是什么意思| 什么叫高危行为| 什么原因导致脑出血| 什么时间人流| 教师节送老师什么好| 甲状腺三项检查什么| 阿罗汉是什么意思| 健康证是什么样的| 时乖命蹇是什么意思| 为什么加油站不能打电话| 胆固醇高吃什么可以降下来| 什么鬼什么神| 红血丝用什么护肤品修复比较好| 睡着了咳嗽是什么原因| 活性炭和木炭有什么区别| 血清蛋白是什么| 孕妇吃猕猴桃对胎儿有什么好处| 生理盐水是什么水| 什么叫人均可支配收入| 什么病需要化疗| 胎神什么意思| 滋润是什么意思| 什么原因导致打嗝| 生蚝有什么功效与作用| 前列腺有什么症状| 翌日什么意思| 女生食指戴戒指什么意思| 船舷是什么意思| 小孩吃什么可以长高| 老婆子是什么意思| 四川耙耳朵是什么意思| 杨利伟什么军衔| 食粉是什么粉| 睡着了流口水是什么原因| 家里为什么会有壁虎| 满满的回忆什么意思| 紫癜有什么危害| 身上红痣多是什么原因| 脚痛是什么原因| 区委常委是什么级别| 吃卡培他滨禁止吃什么| 凭什么是什么意思| 硬金是什么意思| 胸膜炎是什么症状| 7月20号什么星座| 牙龈萎缩吃什么维生素| eicu是什么意思| 餐标是什么意思| 想念是什么意思| 态度是什么| 滞留针是什么| 细菌性阴道炎用什么药效果好| 中科院是干什么的| 鼻窦炎是什么原因引起的呢| 雷人是什么意思啊| 毛新宇什么级别| 保花保果用什么药最好| 维生素b补什么| 男人喝红糖水有什么好处| sheet是什么意思| 陛下的陛是什么意思| 奋不顾身的顾是什么意思| 什么的游泳| 7月11日什么星座| 睡几个小时就醒了是什么原因| 眼球内容物包括什么| 尿频尿急吃什么药| 月经不调是什么原因造成的| 石棉是什么东西| 什么是脑死亡| 左边脖子疼是什么原因| 不可漂白是什么意思| 十月初四是什么星座| 咽炎咳嗽吃什么药| 缺钙吃什么补钙最快| 申时五行属什么| 什么是湿热体质| 阴阳失调是什么意思| 手掌发麻是什么原因| 出汗少是什么原因| 待客是什么意思| 妙不可言是什么意思| 搭档是什么意思| 可喜可贺是什么意思| 太学是什么意思| 脖子疼是什么原因引起的| 中元节开什么生肖| 什么叫静息心率| egg是什么意思| 戊肝是什么病| pa是什么单位| 鼻梁有横纹是什么原因| 撕裂性骨折是什么意思| 偶尔头疼是什么原因| 什么是纳囊| 输卵管堵塞有什么症状| 胃炎吃什么药好| 财大气粗是什么意思| 甲减是什么症状| 72年属鼠是什么命| 肾气不足是什么原因| 榴莲和什么食物相克| 乳酸菌可以制作什么| 相向而行是什么意思| zoom 是什么意思| 17号来月经什么时候是排卵期| 苗字五行属什么| 河南属于什么平原| 嗷呜是什么意思| 三候是什么意思| 周公解梦掉牙齿意味着什么| 什么是带状疱疹| 女性胆囊炎有什么症状| 脑梗看什么科| 什么是标准预防| 男性尿道口流脓吃什么药最管用| 水煮肉片放什么配菜| 喉咙有异物挂什么科| 美沙芬片是什么药| 93年属什么的生肖| 罴是什么动物| 取保候审是什么意思还会判刑吗| 军级相当于什么级别| 夏天喝什么饮料好| 什么叫柞蚕丝| 66大寿有什么讲究| 尿酸高吃什么可以降下去| 什么是结核病| 宫颈肥大需要注意什么| qh是什么意思| 什么是润年| 软柿子是什么意思| 1964年属什么的| 晚上做噩梦是什么原因| 什么的表达| 什么是血友病| 生肖牛和什么生肖最配| 大拇指指甲凹凸不平是什么原因| 才字五行属什么| 眉毛上长痣代表什么| 头孢不能和什么药一起吃| 夏末是什么时候| 爱心是什么牌子| 吃什么对身体好| 为什么会长口腔溃疡| 感性的人是什么意思| 大油边是什么肉| 舌苔是什么| 什么是先天之本| 一票制什么意思| 你会不会突然的出现是什么歌| 希特勒为什么要杀犹太人| 什么原因会怀上葡萄胎| 沸点是什么意思| 吃什么有助于排便| 小孩晚上不睡觉是什么原因| 尿素是什么肥| 亏空是什么意思| 1989年出生是什么命| 大三阳是什么病| 天疱疮是什么病| 信任是什么意思| 伤口流水是什么原因| 金火什么字| 名垂千古是什么意思| 1908年中国发生了什么| 士加一笔是什么字| 冬瓜有什么功效| 打边炉是什么意思| 直捣黄龙是什么意思| hcg是检查什么的| 女人每天吃什么抗衰老| 什么大米好吃| 有潜力是什么意思| 什么叫自慰| 吃鹅蛋对孕妇有什么好处| 做梦梦见蛇是什么征兆| 讲师是什么职称| 怀孕生化了是什么原因| 蛋白粉什么时候喝最好| 产后42天复查挂什么科| 何许人也是什么意思| 维生素b2吃多了有什么副作用| 吃什么能消除脂肪瘤| 什么飞船| 肠胃炎吃什么食物| 水逆退散是什么意思| 针眼长什么样子图片| 秃顶是什么原因造成的| lotus是什么车| 相亲第一次见面送什么礼物好| 万年历是什么| 00年属龙的是什么命| 虾和什么相克| 蕾丝边是什么意思| 祉是什么意思| 山珍海味是什么意思| 阴平阳秘是什么意思| 高危妊娠监督什么意思| 风湿病挂什么科| 大腿根疼挂什么科| 孕晚期感冒可以吃什么药| 什么时候最容易受孕| 愚人节是什么时候| 配制酒是什么意思| 什么心什么力| 狗脚朕什么意思| 胃肠镜检查挂什么科| 转氨酶高是什么病| 266什么意思| 脖子上长癣是什么原因| 如火如荼是什么意思| 移花接木什么意思| 拉黑和删除有什么区别| 维生素c十一什么意思| 为什么会得脂溢性皮炎| 多囊卵巢综合症有什么症状| 港币长什么样| 吃什么清理血管| jhs空调是什么牌子| 孕酮低什么原因造成的| 细小是什么| 孕妇头晕是什么原因| 百度???? ??

南方日报：不要让野生动物等不起

????, ?? ??? ????.
????? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ???? (????) ??? ??????.
????
McDonald's
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ISINUS5801351017
?? ???????, ???
?? ?????? ? ?? ????? ???[1]
?? ??
??? ?????(CEO & ??)
?????, ??, ?? ??, ?? ??, ??, ?????, ???, ???, ????
????? US$ 254? 9,600?(2023)
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?? US$ 116? 4,700?(2023)
?? US$ 56? 1,468?(2023)
?????? US$ 561? 4,680?(2023)
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150,000? (2023)[2]
??????? ?? US$ -47? 670?(2023)
???I'm Lovin' It
?????? ???? ???? ?? ????
百度 因此，只有增加财经语言，中国政府、各驻外使节和媒体机构，在涉外交流、对外传播中更多使用财经语言，才有可能打好国际信心站，释开各国对中国经济、对一带一路倡议的疑惑，助推一带一路的建设进程。

???? ?????(McDonald's Corporation)? ????(McDonald's)?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. 2024? ???? ?? ? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ??.[3]

???? ??? ???? ??? 1940? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????, ? ?????? ????.[4] 1953??? ?? ?? ??? ?????.[5] 1955?, ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? 1961?? ??? ????.[6] ? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ? ????? 5? ? ??? ???? ???? ???, ?? ? 4?? 1? ??? ??.[7][8]

?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? 70%? ??(????? ???? ??)? 45%? ???? ??? ????.[9][10] 2018? ????? ???? ?? 170? ?? ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ? ?? ?????.[11][12][13] ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???.[12][13]

????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????,[14] ?? ????? ????, ???, ??, ??, ??? ?? ??. ????? ?? ??, ?? ??, ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????.[15]

??

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ????? ?????.

??

[??]
?? ??? ???? ???? 1953?? ??? ? ?? ?????. ? ???? ???? ????? ?? 10207?? ???? ???? ??? ??. (?? 33° 56′ 50″ ?? 118° 07′ 06″? / ??? 33.9471° ?? 118.1182° ? / 33.9471; -118.1182)

???? ??? ???? ??? 50?? ?? ?? 100? ??? ?? ?? ???,[16] 1940? 5? 15? ????? ??? 14?? ?? E ???? 1398??? ? ?? ????? ???.

??? ??? ???

[??]

???? ??? 1948?? "??? ??? ???"? ????, 20? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????.[17][4] ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? 20?? ???? ????, ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???, ??? ???, ????, ? ?? ?? 12?? ?? ????, ??, ??, ??? ? ??? 9?? ???? ?????. ??? ????? ??? "??? ?? ??? ??, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ??? ???"? ???.[18]

????

[??]

????? ?? ????? "???"?? ??? ??? ?? ?????.[19] 1962?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ???.[5] ?? ???? ??? ????? 1963?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????.[20]

?? ???

[??]
1940??? 1948??? ??? ??
1948??? 1953??? ??? ??
1953??? 1960??? ??? ??

??? ??? 1955? 4? 15? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??.[21][22] ? ??? ????? ?? ?? ???????, ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? 1984?? ?????.[23][24] ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????.[25]

???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????. 1961?, ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ????.[26] ? ??? ???? 270? ??(?? ??? $23,382,962 ??)? ????.[25] ????? ???? ?? 1971?? ?????, 1998?? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? 66? ?? ????? ????.[27][28] ????? ?? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???.[29]

??

[??]

1994?, ????? ?? ??? 1,400? ???? ??? ????.[30][31]

???? (????????)? ?? ??? ???? ???, 2024?. ??? ?? ???? ???? "???" ??? ? ???.

2006?, ????? ?? ???? ?????? "??? ?(Forever Young)" ???? ????. ???? ????, ??, ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????. ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????.[32] ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? "????, ????, ?????"?? ????.[33]

???19 ???? ???, ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????.[34] ??????? ????? ??, ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ????.[35]

??

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????.

??

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????, ??, ????? ?? ??, ??? ??? ?? ??

????? ?? ????, ??? ??? ???, ??? ????, ????, ????, ?????, ?? ?? ??, ??? ???? ????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??, ? ? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?? ??? ?? ????? ????.[36] ?? 3??? ? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????.[37] ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????.[38][39]

??, ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??. ?? ??, ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ????.[40][41]

2021?, ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.[42][43]

??? ? ?

[??]

2024?? ??? 4?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? 5??? ????.[44] ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????.[45]

?? ??

[??]

2015? ??? ?????? CEO? ??? ????? ???? ?? 200?? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????,[46] ?? ???? ???? ???, ?? ??, ???? ??? ??, ? ??, ?? ?? ??? ????.[47]

2018? 9?, ???? ?? ??? ???, ????, ?? ????, ???, ????? ??, ?? ????? ??, ??? ??? ???? ???? 7?? ??? ???? ?? ???, ?? ? ??? ??? ????? ????.[48][49] ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ??.[50][51]

????

[??]

2020? 11?, ????? ??? ??? ????(McPlant)? ????, ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???.[52][53] ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???.[54]

2022? ?, ????? ????? ??? ??? 1? 4??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????.[54] 2024??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???.[55]

?? ?? ??

[??]
 ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????.

???

[??]

???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ? ????, ?? ?? ?? ?? (?: ???? ??? ??? ??? ??)? ????? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? (?: ?????? ???? ??, ???? ? ??? ?? ??(?? ??))? ???? ?? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[56]

????? 2024? 9? 4? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????. ?? ?? (???, ??, ?) ? ??? ?? ?? (??, ?? ?) ? ??? ???? ?? 22%? ????. ?? ? ?? ??, ?, ???? ????, ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????.[57]

?? ? ????

[??]
???? ??? ??

?????? ????? ??(McDo)?? ???. ??? ???, ??? ??, ????, ? ? ???, ??? ??? ????.[58] ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????. ??????? 2020??? ????? 1996?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ????.[59] ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????.[60]

?????

[??]

??? ????? ????? 2015?[61]? 2017?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?,[62] ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??? ???19 ???? ??? 2020?? ???? ????? ?????.[63]

???? ?? ?? ? ???? ???

[??]
???? (???)? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??.[64]

????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??.[65]

1994?, ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????(Hearth Express)? ????. ???? ????? ????, ???? ??, ?? ? ?? ???. ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? 1? ?? ?? ???.[66]

?????

[??]

??????(Drive-Thru), ???(Auto-Mac), ????????(Pay and Drive) ?? ?? ???? "?????(McDrive)"? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ??, ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??.[65] ?? 1975? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????.[67] ?? ??? ??? ???? 1986? ???? ????? ?? ???.[68] ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???. ??, ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????.[69] ??, ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? "????" ???? ???? ?? ??? ??.[70]

???

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ??????.

???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????. ? ??? 1993? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????.[71] ????? 2023?? ?? ???, ???? ??, ??? ? ? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[72]

???? ???

[??]

???? ???? ??? ???? ???? "??? ? ???" ??? ??? ????. ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? 6? ?? ??? ???? ????. ? ?? ??? 2015? 12? ???? ?? ???.[73] ??? ???? ??, ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ? ?? ????.[74]

???????

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ??????????.
??????? ?? ????. ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??.

???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ????? ??? ??? ?, ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ????. 1987?? ??? ???????? ????.[75]

??????? ???

[??]

?? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ???,[76] ??????(McExpress)?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ? ??. ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??. ???(McStop)? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????.[77]

????

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ???????.

2023? 7?, ??? 10? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????(CosMc's)? ?? ???? ????. ? ?? ??? 2023? 12? ????? ?? ???. ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???, ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ???.[78]

? ??? ??? 1980?? ??? 1990?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???(CosMc)?? ???.[79][80]

?? ???? 4?? ??? ??? ??????, ????? 2025? 5?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ? 6? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????.[81]

?? ??

[??]

??

[??]
1960??? 1968? 11? 18??? ??? ?? ??
1968? 11? 18??? 2003??? ??? ?? ??
1993??? 2010??? ??? ?? ??
????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??, 1990??? 2000??? ???
1993??? ????? 1000? ? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? "990?"? ??? ???.[82]

???? ???? 120? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? 6,800? ?? ???? ???? ????.[83] 2023? ???? ????? 41,800?? ??? ???? ???, ?? ? ??? 45,000???.[84][85]

2017? ?????? ?????? ???? 2019? ????? ???? (?? ??? 2021? ???? ??), 2019? ???? ?? ??? ?? 3%? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? 2019? ?? ?? ??? ?? 3%? ????.[86]

2019? ???? ?? ?? ? ????? ???? ??? 1,000? ??? ??? 2? 5?? ??? ???? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? 4%? ????.[87]

?? ??

[??]

????? ?? ???? ???? ?? 1990??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????. ??? 2006? 10? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.[88][89] 2003? 12??? ???? ??? ????, 1999??? 2001??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. 2007? 8? 27?, ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ????.[90]

????? 25? ?? ?? ???? ??,[91] S&P 500 ?? ?? ? ??? ???.[92] ? ??? ?? 500?? ?? ?? ?? ? 131?? ????.[93] 2012? 10?, 9? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[94] 2014??? 17? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ?? 1997? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?????.[95]

??? ??

[??]

????? ??????? ??? 70%? ????? ?????.[96][97] ????? 2015?? ???? 184?? ???? ?????, ?? ?? ???? 59? ? ?? ????.[98][99] ? ??? 1970? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ? ?? ????.[99]

2025? ? 3?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? 3.6% ???? ???19 ??? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ????.[100]

?? ??

[??]
???? ??? ?? ?? (12? 31? ?? ???? ??)[101][102]
?? ??
(10? US$ ??) 		???
(10? US$ ??) 		?? ??
(10? US$ ??) 		?? ?
[103] 		?? ?
(? ?)[104][105] 		Ref.
2005 19.1 2.6 29.9 447 [106]
2006 20.8 3.5 28.9 31,046 465 [106]
2007 22.7 2.3 29.3 31,377 390 [106]
2008 23.5 4.3 28.4 31,967 400 [107]
2009 22.7 4.5 30.2 32,478 385 [108]
2010 24.0 4.9 31.9 32,737 400 [109]
2011 27.0 5.5 32.9 33,510 420 [110]
2012 27.5 5.4 35.3 34,480 440 [111]
2013 28.1 5.5 36.6 35,429 440 [112]
2014 27.4 4.7 34.2 36,258 420 [113]
2015 25.4 4.5 37.9 36,525 420 [114]
2016 24.6 4.6 31.0 36,899 375 [115]
2017 22.8 5.1 33.8 37,241 235 [116]
2018 21.0 5.9 32.8 37,855 210 [117]
2019 21.0 6.0 47.5 38,695 205 [118]
2020 19.2 4.7 52.6 39,198 200 [119]
2021 23.2 7.5 53.6 40,031 200 [120][121]
2022 23.1 6.1 50.4 40,275 150 [122]
2023 25.4 8.4 56.1 41,822 150

???? ??

[??]
?? ???? 1954? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????.

???

[??]

????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???,[9] ? ??? ? 420? ??? ????.[123] ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???. ? ???? 2010??? 2015? ??? 26% ?????, ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? 5?? 1? ????.[124] ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????, ??? 2015? 11? 10? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????. ??? ????? CEO? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ????.[125]

????? ??? ??? ? ? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????. 2015? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??, ??, ??, ???, ??, ????, ???, ??? ????? ??? ??.[126]

?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.[127]

???

[??]

?? ???? ?? <?????? ??>(2001)? ???, ?? ? ??? 8? ? ?? 1?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??? ???? ??? ???, ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????.[128]

<?????? ??>? ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ?????, ???, ????, ??, ??? ?? ?? ????? ????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???.[129]

??

[??]

2016? 6? 13?, ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. 608,000???? ??? ??? 2018? 6? 4?? ?????, ? ?? ???? ??? ?????.[130][131]

????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???(McDonald's Plaza)? ?? ??? ??? ??. ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??.[132] ????? 1971?? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????.[133]

???

[??]

2024? 12?? ??, ???? ?? ????? ???? ??.[134]

??? ?????? 2015??? 2019??? ????? CEO ? ??????, ?? CEO ? ??? ????.[135] ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? CEO?? ????? ????.[136] ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?????? CEO? ?????.[137]

2022? 8?, ????? ???? ? ??? ????. ?? ???? JLL Inc.? ??? ??? ?? ???(Sheila Penrose)? ????, ???? ?????? CEO? ??? ????, ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ? ? ?? ??? ??? ???, ??? ???????? ?? ? ???????(CFO)? ??? ??? ????? ???. ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????.[138][139][140]

???

[??]
2025? 3? 31? ?? ????? 10? ?? ??[141]
?? ?? ??
??? ?? 9.85%
??? 7.35%
???? ???? ????? 4.83%
JP?? ??? 5.25%
??? ??? ????? 2.31%
?? ?? ???? 2.08%
?? ??? 2.46%
??? ????? ??? 1.66%
???? ???? (2024? 12? 31?) 1.31%
?? 66.17%

??? ??

[??]
 ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????.
???? ???? ?? ?? ? ? ?? ???? ??? ??
???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???

??? ??

[??]

????? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??? "???????"??? ???? ??. ? ???????? "?? ??"? ????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ? ??? ? ??. 2015? 7? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.[142][143] (???? ?? ?????, ? ???? ??? ??? ????).[144] ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??(2022? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??).[145] ??? 2024? 1??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????.[146] ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??.[147]

??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ???.[148][149]

????? 2014? ???? ????? ??? ?, ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????.[150] 2014? 8? 20?, ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? 4? ??? ????? ????. ????? 1990??? ????? ??? ??????, 2014? 8? ?? ??? 438? ??? ???? ???.[151] 2014? 8? 23?, ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.[152]

?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ????. <?? ?? ???>?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????, ?? ??? ?? ??? ????.[153] 1975? ??? ???? ? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???????, ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????. ????? ??? ???? ????, ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??.[154]

??? ??

[??]

?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????.[155] ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???? ??.[155]

????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????.[156]

? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????. ? ??? 2012? ?? ?????? ?? ???.[157]

2017? 1? 9?, ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? 80%? CITIC ???? (32%), CITIC ??? (20%) ? ??? (20%)? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? 20? 8?? ?? ??? ?????. CITIC ????? CITIC ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???.[158]

?? ????? ????? ?? ??? "???(McBoat)"? ??. ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???(??????? ??)??.[159]

?????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ???,[160] ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ??.[160] ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????(McTrax)? ?????, ?? ??? ????.[160] ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??.[160]

2022? 3?, ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? 850? ??? ???? ????. ? ?? ??? ? 9%? ?? ??? 3%? ???? ????? ? 100? ???? ????.[161][162][163] ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????.[164][165] ??? ???? ???? ? ???? ??????,[166] 6??? ????? ????.[167] 2022? ? ????? ???? ??? 25?? ???? ? ???? ????????,[168] ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ???????.[169]

????-??? ?? ?, ???? ? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???.[170][171][172] ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???.[173] ? ??, ????? 225? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????.[174]

???? ?? ??

[??]
? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????
??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????

??

[??]

?? ??

[??]

1990?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????. 1999?, ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? (????)?? "E-??"? ?? ??????, ? ???? "?? ??? ????" ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????.[175]

2013? ???? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ? ??? 92%? ??? ???? ???? ????.[176] 2016??? ????? "??? ? ???" ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ??? ?????.[177]

2017?, ????? ???? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ? ?? ?? ????. ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??.[178]

2019? 9?, ????? ???? ?? ???? ???(Apprente)? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???.[179]

2023? ?, ????? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????(???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??). ? ????? ??? ???.[180][181]

??? ??

[??]
2018?, ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????.

2015? 3?, ?? 19? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???????? 28?? ?? ? ?? ??? ????. ??? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??, ??? ??, ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????. ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??.[182] ??? ? $15(Fight for $15) ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???.[183]

???? ???, ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? "???" ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????.[184]

???

[??]

???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????. 77?? ??? ???? ?? ? ???? ???? 30%? ??? ???????? ? ??? ? ?? ?? ?????.[185] ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???(Kamel Guemari)? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????.[186][187]

????

[??]

?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? 5.50??? ????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??.[188]

??

[??]
 ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????.

2013? ???? ???? ?? ??? 90%? ?? ??? ?? ????, ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ?????.[189] 2017? 4?, ????? ??? ??? ?, ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????.[190]

2007??? 2011??? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? 70? ??? ?? ??? ???.[191] ????(McResource) ????? ????? "? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ?? ??? ??, ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????, ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????, '??? ????'? ?????, '???? ??? ??? 10?? ??? ? 15% ????'"? ??.[192] 2013? 12?, ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????. ????? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????.[193]

2017? 9?, ?? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????.[194][195]

??

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????.

????? ??? ?? ??, ??? ?? ??, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????.

2001?, ?? ???? ?? <?????? ??>? ????? ?? ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????.[196]

??

[??]

1990?, ?? ?????? ?? ??(?? ?? ?????? ?? ??)? ????? ??, ??, ?? ??? ???? <????? ???? ?????>(What's wrong with McDonald's?)?? ??? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????, ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ? ??? "???? ??"?? ????. ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?????.[197]

?? ???? 2004? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?? ?? 6? ?, ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????.

??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, 2008? 5?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????, 2018? ??? ?? ??, ??, ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????.[198] ??? ?? ???? "?? ??? ??? ??(Not bad for a McJob)"?? ??? ???? ????.[199]

?? ??

[??]

????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????.[200] ??? ??? ??, ?? ??, ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ??.[201][202]

????? ?? 20? ? ??? ??? ????, ?? ???? ???? ??? ? 4%? ???? ???, ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????.[203][204] 2014?, ????? 2017??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????, ?? 2018?? ????.[205][206]

????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????. 2021?, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? 4? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????.[207] ??? ???? ??? ? "???? ??"? ?? ???? ????.[208]

?? ??

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?????.

????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??. ??? 'Mc' ?? 'Mac'? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????.

?? ??

[??]

2017? 4?, ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? "??? ???, ? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ???? ??"? ????? ????, ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???(EUIPO)? ????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. EUIPO? ????? ?? ??? "?? ??? ???? ???"? ????, ????? ??? ??? ???, ?? ?? ??? "??" ? ?? "Mc" ?? ???? ????.[209][210][211]

???? ????? "???"?? ???? ??? "??? ????? ? ??? ???", "??? ????? ???? ?", "??? ???? ?? ??? ??" ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????.[212]

2023?, EUIPO ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? 700???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????? ????.[213] ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??, 2024? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????. ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? "?(Mac)"? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ??? ????. ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??.[214][215][216]

???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???. 2022? 7?, ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????.[217]

?????

[??]

2009? 9? 8?, ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???(McCurry)?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????.[218] 2016? 12? 29?, ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????.[219]

??

[??]

???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????. ??? 10? ?? ????? 130?? ??? ????. ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????. ? ??? ?????? "?? ??"?? ?? ?????.[220]

2021?, 5? ?? ?? 50?? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????, ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???. ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ???? ????.[221] 2023?, BBC? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? 100? ??? ???, ???, ????, ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????.[222]

2025? 1?, 700? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ? ??(Leigh Day)? ??? ? ??? 20? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? 450? ??? ????? ????. 2023? 7? BBC ?? ??, ???? ????, ??? ??, ??? ??, ???? ?? ???? ????. ???? ?? ??? 2023?? 29?? ??? ????? ????, ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????. ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ?? ??, ?? ??, ??????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????. ??? ???? 2019?? ??????, ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? 1,000? ??? ??? ??? ????.[223] 2025? 3?, ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? 1,400? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???.[224]

??

[??]

1994? ?? ? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? 3? ??? ??? ??? ????.[225] ?? ?? ??? 81? ??? ??(Stella Liebeck)?? 286? ??(1994? $4.93? ?? ??)? ?????.[225] ? ??? ??? 64? ??(1994? $1.1? ?? ??)? ?????. 2019?, ???? ?? ?? ??(Jenna Ries)? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? "????"? ????.[226]

2023?, ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? 10? ??? ? ?? ??? 300? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ? ???? ? ? ?????? ? 21? 2? ??? ??? ?????.[227] ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? 16? ???? 83?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????, 7? 7? 572??? ??? ?????.[228]

????

[??]

2016? 9? 25?, ??? ???? ?? 4? ??? ??? ?????(?? HUS)? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? 2017? 7? 5?? ?????.[229] ?? ?? ? 7? 13??? ? ? 5?? ?????? ?? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? 2? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???, ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????.[230]

??? ? ??

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ???? ?????.

????? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ???(????, ???, ??) ??? ??? ???? ????? ????. ??, ?? ?????? FIFA ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????.[231] ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????.[232] ???? ????? ?? ???? 23??? ??? ???? ?????, ?? ?? ? ????? ?? ???? ????.[233]

??? ??

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ??? ???? ? ?????????.

????? ???, ??, ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???.[234]

???? ??

[??]

???

[??]

1992?, ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???. "???(McJordan)"? ??? ???????? ?????. ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?????, ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? 1??? 1? ??? ???? ???? ????.[235]

??? ???? 2003??? 2017??? ????? ???????,[236] ?? ???? ????-?????? ???? ????.[237]

2025? 1?, WNBA ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ????, ?? ?? ???? ????.[238][239] ? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????.[240]

????? ?, ?? ??, NBA ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ?????.[241]

??

[??]

2020? 9?, ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? "???? ?? ?"? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?(Cactus Jack) ??? ????.[242] ??? ??? ??? ?? J ???? ????? ?? "J ?? ?"? ????.[243]

2021?, ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?? 50??? "BTS ??"? ?????, 5? 26? ?? ???? ?????.[244]

?? ??

[??]

????? ?? ?? ???? ??? 449 ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ?????.[245]

NASCAR ????

[??]
2016? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??
2022? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???

????? 1977? NASCAR ? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ????? ????. 1977??? 1986? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????. 1993?, ????? ? ?????? ???? ??? ?? & ??????? 27? ??? ??? ???? ???.[246] 1994?, ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ?? ? ??? ? ? ????. ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? 94? ??? ????, ? ???? ? ???? ????.[247] ????? 2001? ???? ???? ????, ? ? PPI ?????? 96? ??? ?????, ?? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? 2004??? NASCAR?? ????, ? ? ??? ?????? ???? 2010??? ???, ??? ?, ??? ???, ?? ?? ????, ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????.[246]

2010? ?? ?? ????? ? ??? ???? ?? ? ????? ????, 2019? ???? 500?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? 1? ???? ????.[248][249] ????? ?? ??? CGR 42? ???? ????, 2020? ?? ???? ?????,[250] 2019?? 2020??? ??? ?? ?????? 43? ???? ??? ?? ???? ? ?? ????? ???.[251][252] ????? 2021??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? 42? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ?? 23XI ???? "?? ???"? ????.[253][254]

????

[??]
?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???

?????(McHappy Day)? ?? ?????? ??? ???, ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????. ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? (RMHC)? ???? ?? ????.[255] ?? ????? ????? ???, ?????? 2009?? 2,040? ??? ????. 2010? ??? 2,080? ????.[256]

??? ???? ??? ????? ? ?? 60? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? 260? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????. 2022?, ????, ? ????? ???, ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? 1? 8,200? ?? ??? ????.[257]

1995?, ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????, ? ???? 100? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???. ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ? ??? ? ?? ??? ??.[258]

?? ??

[??]

????? ??? ??? ??, ????, ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??.

????? 2027??? ??? 900?? ???? ???? ??? ????.[259] ? ?????? 2027??? 10,000? ??? ??? ????[260][259] (? 50,000? ???)[259]? ???? ??.[260][259]

????? 2030??? ??? ? 4?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????. ?? 2050??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????.[261] "??? ????(Digitizing the Arches)"? ????? ??? ???????.[262] ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????[260] ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????.[263] ?? 2027??? ???? ??? ????? 90? ?? ??? ?? 1? 5?? ??? 2? 5?? ??? ??? ????.[263][262] ????? 2027??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? 30%? ?? ????.[260]

????? ????

[??]
 ? ??? ??? ????? ???????.
??????????
McDonald's Korea LLC.
??????
??1988?
?????? ????, ??? ????
ISINUS5801351017
?? ???????
?? ???
??? ??????? ????
,
?? ??????? ????
???23,182,600,000 ?? ?? (2022) ??????? ????
????
9,371,000,000 ?? ?? (2022) ??????? ????
6,177,400,000 ?? ?? (2022) ??????? ????
????52,626,800,000 ?? ?? (2020) ??????? ????
??? ?
200,000 (2020) ??????? ????
?????? ????

???? ????(??????????)? 1988?? ??????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ? ????(現 ???????) ???? ???. ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? 2?? ????? ?? ????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??DT?(??? ??? 894)?? ? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??.

???? ? ??? ??? 4?? ???? ??. McDonald's? '?????' ?? '?????'?? ???, '????'?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???, ???? ??? '????'? ??? ???? ?? ??????? '????'? ?? ? ???? ??.

???

[??]

?? ??

[??]

??

[??]
  1. ↑ Bomkamp, Samantha (2016? 6? 13?). “Mcdonald's HQ Move Is Boldest Step Yet in Effort to Transform Itself”. 《Chicago Tribune》. 2017? 5? 1?? ???. 
  2. ↑ ? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??
  3. ↑ “McDonald’s loses crown as world's biggest fast-food chain to global giant with zero U.S. locations; here's all about the company that dethroned it”. 《The Economic Times》. 2025? 3? 7?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2025? 3? 17?? ???. 
  4. ↑ ? ? Skrabec, Quentin R. (2012). 《The 100 Most Significant Events in American Business: An Encyclopedia》 (??). Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. 206?. ISBN 978-0-313-39862-9. 
  5. ↑ ? ? Hughes, Mark (2008? 1? 4?). “Logos That Became Legends: Icons From the World of Advertising”. 《The Independent》 (??). ISSN 1741-9743. 2009? 10? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2024? 2? 4?? ???. 
  6. ↑ “Who Made America? | Innovators | Ray Kroc”. 《www.pbs.org》. 2025? 5? 21?? ???. 
  7. ↑ Heady, Jaylen (2024? 4? 20?). “How Many McDonald's Restaurants Are There In The World?”. 《yahoo!finance》. 
  8. ↑ “Number of McDonald's locations in the USA in 2025”. 《ScrapeHero》 (??). 2025? 5? 1?? ???. 
  9. ↑ ? ? Budzyn, Dan (2022? 9? 13?). “Who Owns More Land: Bill Gates, McDonald's or The Catholic Church?”. 《Yahoo! Finance》 (?? ??). 2023? 10? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 9? 13?? ???. 
  10. ↑ Purdy, Chase (2017? 4? 25?). “McDonald's isn't just a fast-food chain—it's a brilliant $30 billion real-estate company”. 《Quartz》 (??). 2023? 4? 17?? ???. 
  11. ↑ “McDonald's”. 《World Economic Forum》. 2025? 5? 20?? ???. 
  12. ↑ ? ? “The World's Largest Employers”. 《WorldAtlas》. 2018? 2? 15?. 2023? 6? 23?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 3? 29?? ???. 
  13. ↑ ? ? “The world's 30 largest employers will surprise you”. 《www.msn.com》. 2018? 6? 29?. 2019? 3? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 3? 29?? ???. 
  14. ↑ Harris, William (2009? 4? 7?). “10 Most Popular McDonald's Menu Items of All Time”. 《HowStuffWorks》 (?? ??). 2023? 5? 2?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 5? 2?? ???. 
  15. ↑ “Britannica Money”. 《www.britannica.com》 (??). 2025? 5? 1?. 2025? 5? 1?? ???. 
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  158. ↑ “Voluntary Announcement: Acquisition of a Controlling Interest in Mcdonald's Mainland China and Hong Kong Businesses” (PDF). 《CITIC Limited》. Hong Kong Stock Exchange. 2017? 1? 9?. 2017? 1? 16?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. 2017? 1? 13?? ???. 
  159. ↑ Quinn, Dave (2021? 10? 13?). “McDonald's Has a Riverside Restaurant with a Float-Thru Window”. 《people.com》 (??). 2021? 10? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 10? 14?? ???. 
  160. ↑ ? ? ? ? “Restaurants going high tech”. 《??! ??》. 2016? 6? 14?. 2016? 6? 15?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2016? 6? 14?? ???. 
  161. ↑ Patton, Leslie (2022? 3? 8?). “McDonald's to Shutter 850 Russia Stores After Backlash”. 《???? ??》. 2022? 3? 9?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2022? 3? 9?? ???. 
  162. ↑ Harris, Sophia (2022? 3? 8?). “McDonald's, Starbucks, Coke, Pepsi join companies suspending business in Russia”. 《CBC ??》 (???: ??? ?? ??). 2022? 3? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2022? 3? 8?? ???. 
  163. ↑ “McDonald's, Coca-Cola and Starbucks halt Russian sales”. 《BBC ??》 (??: ??????). 2022? 3? 8?. 2022? 3? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2022? 3? 8?? ???. 
  164. ↑ “McDonald's to leave Russia for good after 30 years”. 《BBC ??》. 2022? 5? 16?. 2022? 5? 16?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2022? 5? 16?? ???. 
  165. ↑ “McDonald's is leaving Russia altogether”. 《cnn News》. 2022? 5? 16?. 2022? 5? 16?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2022? 5? 16?? ???. 
  166. ↑ Tasty name but no Big Mac: Russia reopens rebranded McDonald's restaurants ??? 6? 12, 2022 - ??? ?? Reuters June 12, 2022
  167. ↑ “Сменившую McDonald’s в России сеть ресторанов назвали ?Вкусно — и точка?”. 《Коммерсантъ》 (????). 2022? 6? 12?. 2025? 5? 16?? ???. 
  168. ↑ “"Макдональдс" в Беларуси будет работать под российским брендом "Вкусно — и точка"”. 《officelife.media》 (????). 2022? 11? 11?. 
  169. ↑ “Экс-рестораны McDonald's будут работать под брендом I'M”. 《kapital.kz》 (????). 2023? 11? 23?. 2023? 11? 23?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 11? 27?? ???. 
  170. ↑ “Revenge policy in motion; Israel committing war crimes in Gaza”. 《B'tselem》. 2023? 10? 22?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 11? 11?? ???. 
  171. ↑ “Damning evidence of war crimes as Israeli attacks wipe out entire families in Gaza”. 2023? 10? 20?. 2023? 10? 20?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 11? 11?? ???. 
  172. ↑ Owusu, Tony (2023? 10? 13?). “#BoycottMcDonalds trends as food chain announces to provide free food to Israeli soldiers”. 2023? 11? 9?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 10? 14?? ???. 
  173. ↑ IMPELLI, MATTHEW (2023? 10? 14?). “McDonald's Faces Boycott for Giving Israeli Soldiers Free Food”. 《NEWS WEEK》. 2023? 10? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 10? 14?? ???. 
  174. ↑ “McDonald's buys 225 of Israel franchise restaurants after boycotts amid war”. 《Al Jazeera》 (??). 2024? 8? 6?? ???. 
  175. ↑ Gibson, Richard (1999? 8? 12?). “Want Fries With That? Ask McDonald's New E-Clerks”. 《????? ??》. 
  176. ↑ O'Toole, James (2014? 5? 22?). “Robots will replace fast-food workers”. 《CNN》. 2020? 12? 18?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2016? 8? 18?? ???. 
  177. ↑ Meyersohn, Nathaniel (2024? 9? 20?). “McDonald's touchscreen kiosks were feared as job killers. Instead, something surprising happened | CNN Business”. 《CNN》 (??). 2024? 10? 27?? ???. 
  178. ↑ “McDonald's to launch ordering app, expand delivery”. March 2017. 2023? 4? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 4? 3?? ???. 
  179. ↑ “McDonald's uses AI for ordering at drive-throughs”. 《BBC News》. 2019? 9? 11?. 2020? 12? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 9? 12?? ???. 
  180. ↑ “New McDonald's in Fort Worth is latest iteration of restaurant industry's shift toward automation”. 《Texas Standard》 (?? ??). 2023? 1? 31?. 2023? 11? 28?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2024? 1? 10?? ???. 
  181. ↑ Salam, Erum (2022? 12? 23?). “Touchscreens, conveyor belts: McDonald's opens first largely automated location”. 《The Guardian》 (?? ??). ISSN 0261-3077. 2024? 1? 22?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2024? 1? 10?? ???. 
  182. ↑ “Fast-food chains tell workers to treat burns with mustard, ketchup, and mayo.”. 《Mother Jones》 (?? ??). 2020? 11? 11?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 11? 14?? ???. 
  183. ↑ Jana Kasperkevic (March 16, 2015). McDonald's workers told to treat burns with condiments, survey shows ??? 11? 8, 2020 - ??? ??. ???. Retrieved March 17, 2015.
  184. ↑ Goldberg, Harmony, "How McDonald's gets away with rampant wage theft" ??? 5? 23, 2015 - ??? ??, Salon, April 6, 2015. Retrieved May 22, 2015.
  185. ↑ Chazan, David (2019? 9? 1?). “Marseille fights to stop McDonald's from closing in rare French support for American fast-food giant”. 《The Telegraph》. 2022? 1? 10?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 9? 3?? ???. 
  186. ↑ “Lawyers claim attempted murder of McDonald's trade unionist in France”. 《Morning Star》. 2019? 8? 31?. 2020? 8? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 9? 3?? ???. 
  187. ↑ “Marseille: Kamel Guemari porte plainte pour tentative de meurtre”. 《La Marsaillaise》 (????). 2019? 8? 31?. 2019? 9? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 9? 3?? ???. 
  188. ↑ Tae-hoon, Lee (2015? 8? 16?). “McDonald's lures customers with illegal ads on Independence Day”. 《The Korea Observer》. 2020? 8? 4?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 8? 17?? ???. 
  189. ↑ Neville, Simon (2008? 8? 25?). “McDonald's ties nine out of 10 workers to zero-hours contracts”. 《???》 (??). 2020? 11? 27?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2013? 8? 10?? ???. 
  190. ↑ “FAQS | McDonald's UK”. 《www.mcdonalds.com》 (?? ??). 2020? 10? 31?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 2? 18?? ???. 
  191. ↑ Maclay, Kathleen. "Fast Food, Poverty Wages: The Public Cost of Low-wage jobs in the Fast Food Industry". University of California Labor Center October 15, 2013. Archived from the original
  192. ↑ Susanna Kim (November 21, 2013). McDonald's Defends Telling Workers to 'Quit Complaining' to Reduce Stress ??? 11? 12, 2020 - ??? ??. ABC ??. Retrieved November 21, 2013.
  193. ↑ “McDonald's Closes Employee Website Amid Criticism”. DailyDigest. AP (???). 2013? 12? 26?. 2013? 12? 28?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2013? 12? 26?? ???. 
  194. ↑ “McDonald's faces strike for first time in UK as workers take action over pay and zero-hour contracts”. 《The Independent》. 2017? 9? 4?. 2022? 5? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 9? 4?? ???. 
  195. ↑ “McDonald's workers to go on strike in Britain for first time”. 《???》. 2017? 9? 4?. 2020? 12? 21?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2017? 9? 4?? ???. 
  196. ↑ Schlosser, Eric (2000). “Fast Food Nation”. 《archive.nytimes.com》. 2021? 6? 17?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 6? 11?? ???. 
  197. ↑ “McLibel: Longest case in English history”. 《BBC News》. 2018? 7? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 4? 9?? ???. 
  198. ↑ “McDonald's cooking oil trans-fat-free in the U.S., Canada”. 《Reuters》 (??). 2008? 5? 23?. 2020? 11? 6?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 8? 14?? ???. 
  199. ↑ Sweney, Mark (2006? 4? 20?). “Not bad for a McJob?”. 《???》 (??). 2014? 5? 8?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2009? 3? 30?? ???. 
  200. ↑ “McDonald's condemned for using chickens that suffer heart failure”. 《The Independent》 (??). 2018? 8? 24?. 2024? 11? 24?? ???. 
  201. ↑ Shim, M.Y.; Karnuah, A.B.; Mitchell, A.D.; Anthony, N.B.; Pesti, G.M.; Aggrey, S.E. (2012? 8? 1?). 《The effects of growth rate on leg morphology and tibia breaking strength, mineral density, mineral content, and bone ash in broilers》. 《Poultry Science》 (??) 91. 1790–1795?. doi:10.3382/ps.2011-01968. PMID 22802169. S2CID 20448775. 
  202. ↑ Nain, S.; Ling, B.; Bandy, B.; Alcorn, J.; Wojnarowicz, C.; Laarveld, B.; Olkowski, A. A. (2008? 8? 14?). 《The role of oxidative stress in the development of congestive heart failure in a chicken genotype selected for rapid growth》. 《Avian Pathology》 (??) 37. 367–373?. doi:10.1080/03079450802179850. ISSN 0307-9457. PMID 18622851. 
  203. ↑ Owen, Tess (2015? 9? 10?). “McDonald's Is Switching to Cage-Free Eggs at a Delicate Moment for the Poultry Industry”. VICE News. 2020? 11? 8?? the-poultry-industry/ ?? ?? |url= ? ?? ?? (???)?? ??? ??. 2016? 8? 4?? ???. 
  204. ↑ “The Insanely Complicated Logistics of Cage-Free Eggs for All”. 《Wired》. 2020? 12? 6?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2016? 8? 4?? ???. 
  205. ↑ “People power: YOU DID IT!”. 《Animals Australia》 (?? ??). 2024? 9? 8?? ???. 
  206. ↑ “McDonald's Australia meets cage-free egg target | Australian Food News” (??????? ??). 2018? 1? 24?. 2024? 9? 8?? ???. 
  207. ↑ Channon, Max; PA, Helen Williams and John Besley (2021? 5? 22?). “Ongoing protests cause McDonald's food shortages”. 《Hull Live》 (??). 2024? 11? 17?? ???. 
  208. ↑ McSweeney, Eoin (2021? 5? 22?). “Animal and climate activists blockade McDonald's distribution centers across England”. 《CNN》 (??). 2024? 11? 17?? ???. 
  209. ↑ Kelly, Louise (2019? 1? 15?). “'It's like Connacht winning against the All Blacks': Supermac's CEO responds to Big Mac trademark success against McDonald's”. 《???? ?????》 (??). 2019? 1? 19?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 1? 18?? ???. 
  210. ↑ “'End of the McBully' - Supermac's wins trademark case against McDonald's”. 《RTé》. 2019? 1? 15?. 2019? 11? 17?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 1? 15?? ???. 
  211. ↑ “EU strips McDonald's of its Big Mac trademark in Europe”. 《The Independent》 (??). 2019? 1? 15?. 2022? 5? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 1? 18?? ???. 
  212. ↑ “'Like a Big Mac But Juicier': Burger King renames sandwiches to troll McDonald's”. 《???》. 2019? 2? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 2? 4?? ???. 
  213. ↑ “McDonald's finally proves BIG MAC use, but what can brands learn from this long-running saga?”. 《www.worldtrademarkreview.com》. 2023? 2? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 2? 16?? ???. 
  214. ↑ Power, Jack (2024? 6? 5?). “EU court rules in favor of Supermac's in 'Big Mac' trademark row with McDonald's”. 《The Irish Times》. 2024? 6? 5?? ???. 
  215. ↑ Connelly, Tony (2024? 6? 5?). “Supermac's wins Big Mac trademark case with McDonald's”. 《RTé News》 (??). 2024? 6? 5?? ???. 
  216. ↑ Hosford, Paul (2024? 6? 5?). “EU court rules in favour of Supermac's in trademark dispute with McDonald's over 'Big Mac'”. 《Irish Examiner》 (??). 2024? 6? 5?? ???. 
  217. ↑ “McDonald's—Will the Growing Cooperation Between France's Tax and Prosecution Authorities Erode Taxpayers' Rights?”. 《news.bloombergtax.com》 (??). 2022? 7? 27?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2022? 7? 27?? ???. 
  218. ↑ BBC online news article dated September 8, 2009 News.BB.co.uk ??? 12? 16, 2010 - ??? ??
  219. ↑ Balakrishnan, Nandini (2016? 12? 30?). “Cakes Without The Halal Logo Will Not Be Allowed In McD's”. 《SAYS》. 2021? 10? 10?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 1? 26?? ???. 
  220. ↑ “McLibel: Longest case in English history”. 《BBC News》. 2005? 2? 15?. 2017? 8? 25?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2016? 1? 17?? ???. 
  221. ↑ Media, P. A. (2023? 2? 8?). “McDonald's signs legal pledge amid UK sexual harassment concerns”. 《???》 (?? ??). ISSN 0261-3077. 2024? 2? 4?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 2? 8?? ???. 
  222. ↑ “McDonald's workers speak out over sexual abuse claims”. BBC. 2023? 7? 18?. 2023? 7? 18?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 7? 18?? ???. 
  223. ↑ “Hundreds of young workers sue McDonald's UK alleging harassment”. 《France24》. 2025? 1? 7?. 2025? 1? 9?? ???. 
  224. ↑ “McDonald's: Every branch in Britain warned over staff sexual abuse”. 《BBC News》 (?? ??). 2025? 3? 14?. 2025? 3? 20?? ???. 
  225. ↑ ? ? Goodman, Amy (2011? 1? 25?). “Do You Know the Full Story Behind the Infamous McDonald's Coffee Case and How Corporations Used it to Promote Tort Reform?”. 《Democracy Now!》 (??). 2013? 8? 17?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2013? 8? 17?? ???. 
  226. ↑ “McDonald's workers sue over sexual harassment, 'toxic' work culture”. 《Reuters》 (??). 2019? 11? 13?. 2019? 11? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2019? 11? 13?? ???. 
  227. ↑ “McDonald's franchises fined for child labor violations in Labor Department crackdown”. 《PBS》. 2023? 5? 3?. 2023? 8? 3?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 7? 30?? ???. 
  228. ↑ Marnin, Julia (2023? 7? 26?). “Child labor violations involving 388 minors at McDonald's uncovered since May, feds say”. 《????? ???》. 2024? 2? 4?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2023? 7? 30?? ???. 
  229. ↑ “'????'??…???·????? ???? ???”. 2018? 6? 28?? ???. 
  230. ↑ “"??? ?????" ???? ? ??…'????' ?? ??”. 2018? 6? 28?? ???. 
  231. ↑ "McDonald's renews as FIFA World Cup Sponsor until 2014". FIFA. Retrieved October 24, 2014
  232. ↑ Smith, Andrew F. (2012). 《Fast Food and Junk Food: An Encyclopedia of What We Love to Eat, Volume 1》. ABC-CLIO. 175?. 
  233. ↑ “McDonald's slogans used around the world, past and present”. 2013? 1? 26?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 6? 23?? ???. 
  234. ↑ Klein, Karin (2018? 2? 27?). “How McDonald’s keeps kids hooked on Happy Meals”. 《Chicago Tribune》 (?? ??). 2025? 5? 19?? ???. 
  235. ↑ “Remembering Michael Jordan's Landmark McDonald's Deal”. 《Sports》 (??). 2020? 9? 10?. 2020? 11? 12?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 11? 12?? ???. 
  236. ↑ “LeBron set to sign deal with Pepsi, sources say”. 《ESPN.com》. 2021? 1? 16?. 2021? 1? 25?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 1? 26?? ???. 
  237. ↑ “LeBron James signs deal with Sprite”. 《Cleveland19》. 2003? 8? 14?. 2021? 2? 2?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 1? 26?? ???. 
  238. ↑ “First female athlete named to meal”. 《weirtondailytimes.com》 (?? ??). 2025? 2? 23?? ???. 
  239. ↑ Symons, Gary (2025? 2? 7?). “Angel Reese and McDonald's Launch Sporty Quarter-Pounder Partnership”. 《The Licensing Letter》 (?? ??). 2025? 2? 23?? ???. 
  240. ↑ McDonald's (2025? 2? 9?). 《The Angel Reese Special》. 2025? 2? 23?? ??? – YouTube ??. 
  241. ↑ “Everything you need to know about the McDonald's All American boys' game”. 《ESPN.com》 (??). 2025? 3? 31?. 2025? 5? 19?? ???. 
  242. ↑ Ju, Shirley (2020? 9? 9?). “Travis Scott McDonald's Deal Marks First Celebrity Meal Since Michael Jordan in 1992”. 《Variety》 (?? ??). 2020? 9? 9?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 11? 12?? ???. 
  243. ↑ Saxena, Jaya (2020? 10? 6?). “McDonald's Partners With J Balvin Following the Huge Success of the Travis Scott Meal”. 《Eater》 (??). 2020? 11? 20?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 11? 12?? ???. 
  244. ↑ Shanfeld, Ethan (2021? 4? 20?). “BTS Meal Coming to McDonald's in May”. 《Variety》 (?? ??). 2021? 10? 19?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2021? 5? 25?? ???. 
  245. ↑ “Mars rover Curiosity's other mission: publicity machine”. Statesman.com. 2012? 12? 5?. 2013? 1? 15?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2013? 3? 9?? ???. 
  246. ↑ ? ? “Daytona 500 champ gets McDonald's sponsorship”. ?? ??. 2010? 2? 25?. 2020? 10? 1?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  247. ↑ “Bill Elliott, McDonald's to reunite”. 《???????》 (????? ????). 2004? 8? 25?. 2020? 12? 23?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  248. ↑ “Spire Motorsports partners with CGR to field Daytona 500 car for Jamie McMurray”. 《???? ?????》 (NASCAR). 2019? 1? 18?. 2020? 9? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  249. ↑ “McDonald's set to race with Kyle Larson, No. 42 team in 2019”. 《? ??? ???》 (NASCAR). 2019? 1? 18?. 2019? 2? 20?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  250. ↑ Long, Dustin (2020? 4? 13?). “McDonald's, Credit One Bank, Clover terminate sponsorship of Kyle Larson”. NBC ???. 2020? 12? 31?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  251. ↑ “McDonald's to Sponsor Wallace”. 《??? ?? ?????》 (?? ??). ?? ??? ????. 2019? 2? 21?. 2020? 12? 23?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  252. ↑ “Wallace opts out of the No. 43 at season's end”. 《Fulton Sun》. AP. 2020? 9? 12?. 2020? 12? 31?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  253. ↑ bobpockrass (2020? 12? 14?). “Chip Ganassi Racing will also have sponsorship from McDonalds in 2021. McDonalds is one of the five sponsors announced today by 23XI Racing.” (??). 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  254. ↑ Estrada, Chris (2020? 12? 14?). “23XI Racing reveals 'founding partners' for 2021 season”. NBC ???. 2020? 12? 14?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2020? 12? 16?? ???. 
  255. ↑ McHappy Day, Ronald McDonald House Charities. Retrieved September 12, 2010.
  256. ↑ McHappy Day ??? 4? 25, 2013 - ??? ??. Retrieved November 8, 2010.
  257. ↑ “Last Year, McDonald’s, Its Franchisees and Customers Donated Over $182 Million to Ronald McDonald House Charities”. 《finance.yahoo.com》. 2023? 9? 6?. 2025? 5? 19?? ???. 
  258. ↑ “Donor Turns Fast Food Into Big Bucks For Hospital”. 《The New York Times》. 1995? 12? 8?. 2020? 12? 31?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2010? 5? 24?? ???. 
  259. ↑ ? ? ? ? Knorr-Evans, Maite (2025? 5? 15?). “Good news for McDonald’s customers: The fast food restaurant will add 900 locations in the US by 2027”. 《AS USA》 (?? ??). 2025? 5? 19?? ???. 
  260. ↑ ? ? ? ? Farrell, James. “McDonald’s Plans ‘Fastest Period Of Growth In Brand’s History’ With 10,000 New Stores By 2027”. 《Forbes》 (??). 2025? 5? 19?? ???. 
  261. ↑ Makower, Joel (2024? 2? 5?). “The story of McDonald’s 10-year quest for sustainable beef”. 《Trellis》 (?? ??). 2025? 5? 19?? ???. 
  262. ↑ ? ? “How McDonald’s is future-proofing its business”. 《www.nrn.com》 (??). 2025? 5? 19?? ???. 
  263. ↑ ? ? Corporation, McDonald's. “McDONALD'S ANNOUNCES NEW TARGETS FOR DEVELOPMENT, LOYALTY MEMBERSHIP, AND CLOUD TECHNOLOGY”. 《www.prnewswire.com》 (??). 2025? 5? 19?? ???. 

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